Microscope Museum

Collection of antique microscopes and other scientific instruments

Three large “monkey” microscope reproductions

These are three quite large and unusual microscope reproductions, loosely based on the famous monkey microscope made by M. Moreau in Paris during the second half of 19^th century. The reproductions have a wooden base, each with a different colour (black, brown, and green), an heigh of approximately 19 cm, and were made in 2025 from a mixture of adapted modern aluminium monkey candleholders, a few spares of damaged drum brass microscopes from the end of the 19^th or early 20^th centuries, and some custom-made brass features. Moreau’s original monkey microscope was much smaller, with the stage height around 4 cm and, when focused on an object, the eye level around 10 cm above the surface. Figure 1 illustrates Moreau’s monkey microscope as featured in the 1889 volume of the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, in which the toy instrument was described as “This microscope …, by M. Moreau of Paris was exhibited at the December meeting of the Society. In its design art as well as science has been drawn on, for instead of an ordinary base and pillar a figure of a monkey is introduced which holds in its hands the stage and mirror, while the cross-arm carrying the body-tube and socket is screwed to the top of its head”. These microscopes were sometimes interpreted as being a figurative caricature of Charles Darwin (1809 -1882), after he suggested that humans were descended from the primates. At the time, several cartoons were published illustrating Darwin as an ape or monkey (Figure 4). Another “monkey microscope” was at some point available for selling in a North American website which, according to the authors, was engraved with “A. Van Emden, Amsterdam”, a 19^th century Dutch scientific instruments maker (Figure 2). Another modern reproduction of a monkey microscope is illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 1. Moreau’s monkey microscope as featured in the 1889 volume of the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society.

Figure 2. Monkey microscope as featured in the North American website www.scitechantiques.com/2046/2046.html (accessed 27 June 2025). According to the authors, the instrument was engraved with the name of the Dutch scientific instrument maker “A. Van Emden, Amsterdam”.

Figure 3. Modern “monkey” microscope reproduction as featured on the website www.artcurial.com/en/sales/3943/lots/101-a (accessed 27 June 2025). According to the authors, this instrument was made by Rafael San Marcial (a Spanish restorer of antique scientific instruments) and belonged at some point to the Camacho - Pallas collection.

Figure 4. Charles Darwin’s cartoon published in The Hornet magazine on 22 March 1871, at the time as a reference to his recently published book Descent of man. This is likely the most famous caricature depicting Darwin as an ape or monkey - see “Caricatures of Charles Darwin” by John van Wyhe (https://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_Caricatures_of_Darwin.html).